Impact

Hydrology and Geomorphology

GEO-1:  Erosion or deposition of sediment at sites of cordgrass eradication

GEO-2:  Erosion or topographic change of marsh and mudflats by vehicles used in eradication

GEO-3:  Remobilization of sand in cordgrass-stabilized estuarine beaches

GEO-4:  Increased demand for sediment disposal and potential spread of invasive cordgrass via sediment disposal

GEO-5:  Increased volume and velocity of tidal currents in channels due to the removal of invasive cordgrass

GEO-6:  Increased depth and turbulence of tidewaters in salt marsh pans

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Water Quality

WQ-1: Degradation of water quality due to herbicide application

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WQ-2: Degradation of water quality due to herbicide spills

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WQ-3: Degradation of water quality due to fuel or petroleum spills

WQ-4: Degradation of water quality due to contaminant remobilization

Biological Resources

BIO-1.1:  Effects of alternative on salt-meadow cordgrass and English cordgrass infested tidal marsh plant communities

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BIO-1.2:  Effects of alternative on Atlantic smooth cordgrass (and its hybrids) infested tidal marsh plant communities

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BIO-1.3:  Effects of alternative on Chilean cordgrass infested tidal marsh plant communities

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BIO-1.4:  Effects of alternative on submerged aquatic plant communities

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BIO-2:  Effects of alternative on special status plants

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BIO-3:  Effects of alternative on non special status shorebirds and waterfowl

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BIO-4.1:  Effects of alternative on salt marsh harvest mouse and tidal shrew

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BIO-4.2:  Effects of alternative on resident harbor seal colonies in San Francisco Bay

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BIO-4.3:  Effects of alternative on the southern sea otter

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BIO-5.1:  Effects of alternative on California clapper rail

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BIO-5.2: Effects of alternative on California black rail

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BIO-5.3:  Effects of alternative on tidal marsh song sparrow subspecies and salt marsh common yellowthroat

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BIO-5.4:  Effects of alternative on California least terns and western snowy plovers

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BIO-5.5:  Effects of alternative on raptors

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BIO-6.1:  Effects of alternative on anadromous salmonids

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BIO-6.2:  Effects of alternative on delta smelt and Sacramento splittail

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BIO-6.3:  Effects of alternative on tidewater goby

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BIO-6.4: Effects of alternative on estuarine fish populations of shallow submerged intertidal mudflats and channels

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BIO-7:  Effects of alternative on California red-legged frog and San Francisco garter snake

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BIO-8:  Effects of alternative on mosquito production

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BIO-9:  Effects of alternative on tiger beetle species

Air Quality

AQ-1:  Dust emissions

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AQ-2:  Smoke emissions

AQ-3:  Herbicide effects on air quality

AQ-4:  Ozone precursor emissions

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AQ-5:  Carbon monoxide emissions

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Noise

N-1:  Disturbance of sensitive receptors

Human Health and Safety

HS-1:  Worker injury from accidents associated with manual and mechanical aspects of treatment

HS-2:  Worker health effects from herbicide application

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HS-3:  Health effects to the public from herbicide application

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HS-4:  Health effects to the public from accidents associated with chemical treatment

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Visual Resources

VIS-1:  Alteration of views from removal of non-native cordgrass

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VIS-2:  Change in views from native marsh, mudflat, and open water to non-native cordgrass meadows and monocultures

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Land Use

LU-1:  Land use conflicts between herbicide use and sensitive receptors

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LU-2:  Land use conflicts from mechanical and burning treatment methods

Cultural Resources

CUL-1:  Disturbance and destruction of cultural resources from access and treatment

CUL-2:  Loss of cultural resources from erosion

Socioeconomics

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Environmental Justice

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Cumulative Impacts

CUM-1:  Effects of wetland restoration projects on spread of non-native cordgrass.

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CUM-2:  Cumulative damage to marsh plain vegetation.